Sanitary & Water
Capacity Studies

A Capacity Study provides an independent technical analysis of existing municipal trunk infrastructure — water distribution, sanitary sewer, or storm sewer — to confirm that the system can accommodate the demands of a proposed development. For larger developments or sites in older serviced areas, available infrastructure capacity cannot always be assumed.

Where trunk systems are operating near their design limits, a capacity study documents existing utilization, projected demands from the proposed development and any committed developments in the tributary area, and the residual capacity available. The study informs whether a development can proceed on existing infrastructure, or whether upgrades or alternative connection strategies are required before the application can be approved.

Capacity studies are increasingly required by municipalities for high-density residential, mixed-use, and large institutional or industrial developments. They are commonly required as part of OPA and ZBA submissions in intensification corridors where multiple developments are competing for capacity in the same trunk systems. A licensed P.Eng. prepares and seals the study.

When You Need One

  • High-density residential or mixed-use development applications
  • OPA or ZBA in intensification areas or corridors
  • Larger institutional or industrial developments
  • Draft plans of subdivision where trunk capacity is flagged at pre-consultation
  • Any site where the municipality has indicated capacity constraints
  • Sites served by aging trunk infrastructure in built-out areas

What’s Included

  • Review of existing trunk infrastructure drawings and hydraulic data
  • Flow monitoring or municipal data request and analysis
  • Peak demand calculations for proposed development
  • Assessment of cumulative demands from committed development in the area
  • Residual capacity assessment against municipal design criteria
  • Summary of required upgrades or alternative connection points, if any
  • Engineer’s letter and supporting calculations
“Capacity studies that arrived with only theoretical calculations — without actual system data — were consistently challenged. Reviewers knew the systems; they had seen the hydraulic models and the previous flow monitoring. A study that contradicted known system conditions without explanation was flagged immediately. The strongest studies acknowledged system limitations honestly and proposed realistic servicing solutions rather than optimistic demand projections.”

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